PROCESS & OPERATING PHILOSOPHY
Sensible heating/cooling, condensation, vaporization and heat recovery. The operating sequence, recycle paths, start-up/shutdown cases and normal/turndown behavior are defined before equipment finalization.
PROCESS EQUIPMENT
Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers
Heat-transfer equipment engineered for duty, pressure drop, vibration, fouling and maintainability.
MAIN EQUIPMENT & PACKAGE LIMITS
Shell, channel, tubesheet, bundle, baffles, expansion joint and supports. Materials, design margins, maintainability, isolation, access, lifting and spare philosophy are coordinated with the approved operating cases.
CRITICAL DESIGN INPUTS
Design/operating cases, fluid properties, corrosion allowance, materials, nozzle loads, wind/seismic data, transport limits, insulation and maintenance clearances.
ENGINEERING DELIVERABLES
Thermal rating, vibration review, mechanical calculation, fabrication drawings, testing and dossier. The package also includes line/equipment lists, relief and utility summaries, layouts or 3D interfaces, vendor-document requirements, inspection plans and commissioning inputs as applicable.
AUTOMATION, SAFETY & HSE
Code-compliant relief interfaces, access and lifting provisions, inspection hold points, material traceability, qualified welding, NDE and pressure/leak testing.
APPLICATIONS & PERFORMANCE BASIS
Refineries, petrochemicals, chemicals, utilities and energy recovery. Capacity, product quality, consumption and emissions commitments are confirmed only after the representative feed and project Design Basis are approved.
CODES, STANDARDS & QUALITY BASIS
TEMA, API 660 and ASME VIII. The contractual code basis is selected by destination and client specification. ASME/API/TEMA, EN/DIN and GOST/EAC requirements are not mixed without an approved code-equivalency and authority review.
CONTRACTUAL CODE BASIS
TEMA, API 660 and ASME VIII.
HEAT EXCHANGER CONFIGURATION
U-Tube Heat Exchanger
A removable tube bundle with one stationary tubesheet and precision-formed U-bends. The configuration accommodates differential thermal expansion without a shell expansion joint and is well suited to high temperature-difference and cyclic services.
CONFIGURATION
Single stationary tubesheet, U-bent tube bundle, shell, channel, baffles, tie rods and removable bundle construction.
PROCESS APPLICATIONS
Crude and product heating, heat recovery, reboiling, condensing and refinery or chemical services with significant thermal expansion.
MAINTENANCE BASIS
The complete bundle can be withdrawn for shell-side inspection and cleaning. Tube-side chemical cleaning is generally selected where the U-bend limits mechanical access.
ENGINEERING & QUALITY
Thermal rating, pressure drop, vibration, tubesheet and mechanical calculations are completed to TEMA, API 660 and ASME Section VIII project requirements.